A novel method for the fabrication of proton conducting and antimicrobial Tin Cerium Phosphate-polyaniline nanocomposite ion exchange material

Document Type : Reasearch Paper

Authors

• Vinisha Valsaraj Puthiyandi
• Janardanan Chathoth

Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kannur-670 007, Kerala, India.

10.22034/ijnd.2021.682382

Abstract

In-situ polymerization method was adapted to prepare a novel tin cerium phosphate-polyaniline nano composite ion exchange material. The physico-chemical properties of the material were determined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction study showed that the composite material formed is highly crystalline in nature, whereas its inorganic counterpart, tin cerium phosphate is amorphous in nature. The composite was formed in the nano range. SEM image of the composite depicts its needle-like morphology. The pH titration studies revealed bifunctional strong acid behavior of the exchanger. The newly synthesized composite materials exhibit better ion exchange capacity as well as better thermal and chemical stability than known materials. The material was found to be highly selective for toxic heavy metal ions like Pb(II) based on distribution studies,. The material also demonstrated good adsorbent capability for organic pollutants like dyes from an aqueous solution. The proton conducting behavior of the nano composite was studied using a solatron (1255B FRA FI1287 Electrochemical Phase) impedance analyzer and showed proton conductivity of the order of 10-3 S cm-1. The antibacterial activity of tin cerium phosphate-polyaniline was explored against staphylococcus aureus. The results confirmed the bacteriostatic nature of the material.

Keywords

• Adsorption
• Antibacterial Activity
• Ion Exchange Capacity
• Nano Composite
• Polyaniline
• Proton Conductivity

20.1001.1.20088868.2021.12.4.6.7

---

References

[1] Sharma G., Pathania D., Naushad M., Kothiyal N. C., (2014), Fabrication, characterization and antimicrobial activity of polyaniline Th(IV) tungstomolybdophosphate nanocomposite material: Efficient removal of toxic metal ions from water. Chem. Eng. J. 251: 413–421.

[2] Gupta V. K., Pathania D., Asif M., Sharma G., (2014), Liquid phase synthesis of pectin–cadmium sulfide nanocomposite and its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. J. Mol. Liq. 196: 107–112.

[3] Wanhong S., Wenbo Zh., Hailing Li., Qiong Su., Ping Zh., Lihua Ch., (2020), Insight into the synergistic effect on adsorption for Cr (VI) by a polypyrrole-based composite. RSC Adv. 10: 8790-8799.

[4] Oneeb U. H., Jae-Hwan Ch., Youn-Sik L., (2020), Synthesis of ion-exchange polypyrrole/activated carbon composites and their characterization as electrodes for capacitive deionization. Macromolecule. Res.  28: 877–880.

[5] Daniel A. A., Vairathevar S. V., (2020), Hollow polypyrrole composite synthesis for detection of trace-level toxic herbicide. ACS Omega. 5: 21458-21467.

[6] Judeinstein P., S´anchez C., (1996), Hybrid organic-inorganic materials: A land of multidisciplinarity. J. Mater. Chem. 6: 511–525.

[7] Ruiz-Hitzky E., Casal B., Aranda P., Galv´an J. C., (2001), Inorganic-organic nanocomposite materials based on macrocyclic compounds. Rev. Inorg. Chem. 21: 125–159.

[8] Meneghetti P.,  Qutubuddin S., (2004), Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization using a zwitterionic surfactant. Langm. 20: 3424–3430.

[9] Qiang X., Chunfang Z., Zun Y. J., Yuan C. S., (2004), The effects of polymer-nanofiller interactions on the dynamical mechanical properties of PMMA/CaCO₃ composites prepared by microemulsion template. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91: 2739-2749.

[10] Chujo Y., (1996), Organic—inorganic hybrid materials. Curr. Opin. Solid. State. Mater. Sci. 1: 806-811.

[11] Sanchez C., Ribot F., (1994), Design of hybrid organic-inorganic materials synthesized via sol–gel chemistry. New. J. Chem. 16: 1007-1047.

[12] Judeinstein P., Sanchez C., (1996), Hybrid organic–inorganic materials: A land of multidisciplinarity. J. Mater. Chem. 6: 511-517.

[13] Mark J. E., Lee C. Y., Bianconi P. A., (1995), Eds hybrid organic–inorganic composites. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington.

[14] Douglas J. C., Douglas H., Pamela J. Z., Robert P. H., Robert L., Robert C. H., Zubieta J., (1999), Organic/inorganic composite materials: The roles of organoamine ligands in the design of inorganic solids. Coord. Chem. Rev. 737: 190–192.

[15] Pathania D., Sharma G., Naushad M., Kumar A., (2014), Synthesis and characterization of a new nanocomposite cation exchanger polyacrylamide Ce (IV) silicophosphate: Photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20: 3596–3603.

[16] Pathania D., Sharma G., Kothiyal N. C., Kumar A., (2014), Fabrication of nanocomposite polyaniline zirconium(IV) silicophosphate for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. J. Alloys. Compd. 588: 668–675.

[17] ALOthman Z. A., Naushad M., (2011), Adsorption thermodynamics of trichloroacetic acid herbicide on polypyrrole Th(IV) phosphate composite cation-exchanger. Chem. Eng. J. 169: 38–42.

[18] Gupta V. K., Pathania D., Kothiyal N. C., Sharma G., (2014), Polyaniline zirconium (IV) silicophosphate nanocomposite for remediation of methylene blue dye from waste water. J. Mol. Liquid. 190: 139–145.

[19] Khan A. A., Paquiza L., (2011), Characterization and ion-exchange behavior of thermally stable nano-composite polyaniline zirconium titanium phosphate: its analytical application in separation of toxic metals. Desalination. 265: 242–254.

[20] Nabi S. A., Bushra R., Naushad M., Khan A., (2010), Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new composite cation exchange material, poly-o-toluidine stannicmolybdate for the separation of toxic metal ions. Chem. Eng. J. 165: 529–536.

[21] AL-Othman Z. A., Naushad M., (2011), Organic–inorganic type composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine Zr(IV) tungstate: Preparation, physicochemical characterization and its analytical application in separation of heavy metals. Chem. Eng. J. 172: 369–375.

[22] Jacinth M. K., Regini C., Subramaniam P., Murugesan R., (2020), Poly(O-Toluidine)/Zirconium-based nanocomposite ion-exchangers for water treatment and environmental remediation. J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol. 5: 17-33.

[23] Shirakawa H., Louis E., Macdiarmid A. G., Chiang C. K., Hegger A. J., (1977), Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene (CH)x. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 16: 578–580.

[24] Zafar Alam I., Nabi S. A., (2010), Synthesis and characterization of a thermally stable strongly acidic Cd (II) ion selective composite cation-exchanger: Polyaniline Ce(IV) molybdate. Desalination. 250: 515-522.

[25] Khan A. A., (2006), Preparation, physicochemical characterization, analytical applications and electrical conductivity measurement studies of an ‘organic-inorganic’ composite cation-exchanger: Polyaniline Sn(IV) phosphate. React. Funct. Polym. 66: 1649-1663.

[26] Debashish A., Bidhan M., Piyush P., Malabika S., Farnaj N., (2017), Optical and antibacterial properties of synthesised silver nanoparticles. Micro Nano Lett. 12: 223–226.

[27] Pathania D., Sharma G., Naushad M., Kumar A., (2014), Synthesis and characterization of a new nanocomposite cation exchanger polyacrylamide Ce (IV) silicophosphate: Photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20: 3596–3603.

[28] Nabi S. A., Shahadat M., Bushra R., Oves M., Ahmed F., (2011), Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline Zr(IV) sulphosalicylate composite and its applications electrical conductivity and antimicrobial activity studies. Chem. Eng. J. 173: 706–714.

[29] Topp N. E., Pepper K. W., (1949), Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part I. Titration curves.J. Chem. Soc. 3299-3303.

[30] Vogel A. I., (1975), A text book of quantitative inorganic analysis, Longman Group Limited, London.

[31] Duval C., (1963), Inorganic Thermogravimetric Analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp315.

[32] Rao CNR., (1963), Chemical Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York.

[33] Celly M. S. I., Vera R. L. C., Marcia. L. A. T., (2008), Polyaniline/layered zirconium phosphate nanocomposites: Secondary-like doped polyaniline obtained by the layer-by-layer technique. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8: 1782-1789.

[34] Clearfield A., (1988), Role of ion exchange in solid-state chemistry.J. Mol. Catal. 88: 125-132.

[35] Alberti G., Costantino U., Polambari R., (1989), First international conference on inorganic membranes, Montpellier, France, 25.

[36] Padmakumar P., Yashonath S., (2006), Ionic conduction in the solid state.J. Chem. Sci. 118: 135-154.

[37] Chandra S., Singh N., Hashmi S. A., (1986), Proton conduction insolids. Proc. Ind. Nat. Sci. Acad. 52A: 338-343.

[38] Cook G., Costerton J. W., Darouiche R. O., (2000), Direct confocal microscopy studies of the bacterial colonization in vitro of a silver-coated heart valve sewing cuff.Int. J. Anti. Agent. 13: 169-173.

[39] Jennifer A., Ayandiran A., Oluwafayoke O.,  Deborah O., Folashade A., Olusola M., Adaramola F. B., (2021), Biogenic synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles from seed extract of Spondia mombins and screening of its antibacterial activity. Int. J. Nano. Dimens. 12: 175-185.