Synthesis, characteristics, and photocatalyst effect of nAF and ZnAl2O3/AlF3 nanocomposite with sol-gel method

Document Type : Reasearch Paper

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN.

2 Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, IRAN.

Abstract

In this framework study, an attempt was made to synthesize, characterize, and develop some applications of nano AlF3 (nAF) by sol-gel method. Meanwhile, precursor gel preparation and the interaction on the nano-sized area have been studied. By nAF the ZnAl2O3/AlF3 (ZA) nanocomposite has been successfully prepared and Structural, morphological and thermal characterization has been done using by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG-DTG, and HRTEM techniques. This nanocomposite was used for the removal of Congo red dye. For this purpose, the morphology and the structure of crystals has been changed by modification on precursor gel. When precursor gel has been changed from 4 to 9 h, the size of crystals decreased to 15-20 nanometers. The results showed that ZA have been efficiency for photocatalysts in decolorization of Congo red.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Leonard, V., (1998), Chemistry of Advanced Materials: An Overview, Wiely-VCH, Inc, Canada, Molecular Precursor Routes to Inorganic Solids. 9: 389-448.
 [2] Righini G. C., Pelli S., (1997), Nonlinear properties of semiconductor-doped silica solgel films. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 8: 991-997. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02436973
[3] Oda A. M., Kadhum S. H., Farhood A. S., alkadhum H. A., (2014), Degradation of Congo red solution by Zinc Oxide/Silver composite preheated at different temperatures. J. Thermodyn. Catal. 5: 1-5.
[4] Movahedi M., Mahjoub A. R., Janitabar-Darzi S., (2009), Facile synthesis and characterization of CdTiO3 nanoparticles by Pechini sol-gel method. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 6: 570-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03246536
[5] Elmorsi T. M., Elsayed M. H., Bakr M. F., (2017), Na doped ZnO nanoparticles assisted photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye using solar light. Am. J. Chem. 7: 48-57.
[6] Turner M. E., Trentler T. J., Colvin V. L., (2001), Thin films of macroporous metal oxides. Adv. Mater. 13: 180-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200102)13:3<180::AID-ADMA180>3.0.CO;2-Y
[7] Aguado J., Serrano D. P., Escola J. M., Garagorri E., Fernandez J. A., (2000), Catalytic cracking of a polyolefin mixture over different acid solid catalysts. Polym. Deg. Stab. 69: 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00023-9
[8] Ouyang J., Zhao Z., Suib S. L., Yang H., (2019), Degradation of Congo red dye by a Fe2O3@CeO2-ZrO2/Palygorskite composite catalyst: Synergetic effects of Fe2O3. J. Colloid and Interf. Sci. 539: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.052
[9] Maryani E., Abdullah M., Dayamanti H., Septawendar R., (2016), Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the characteristic of γ-Al2O3 nanorods synthesized from nitrate salt-starch precursors trough a facile precipitation method. J. Ceram. Soc. Japan. 124: 1205-1210. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.16158
[10] Amirsalari A., Farjami S., (2015), Effect of pH and calcinations temperature on structural and optical properties of alumina nanoparticles. J. Superlatt. Microstruct. 82: 507-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2015.01.044
[11] Da-Ros S., Barbosa-Coutinho E., Schwaab M., Calsavara V., Fernandes-Machado N. R. C., (2013), Modeling the effects of calcination conditions on the physical and chemical properties of transition Alumina catalysts. J. Mater. Character. 80: 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.03.005
[12] Tayseir Mohammed A. E., Saikat M., (2017), Some studies on the surface modification of sol-gel derived hydrophilic Silica nanoparticles. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 8: 97-106.
[13] Maity S. K., Ancheyta J., Rana M. S., (2005), Support effects on hydroprocessing of maya heavy crude. J. Energy and Fuel. 19: 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049732t
[14] Fernandez V. C., Ramrez J., Alejandre A. G., Sanchez-Minero F., Cuevas-Garcıa R., Torres-Mancera P., (2008), Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of NiMo/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by the pH-swing method. J. Catal. Today. 130: 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.101
[15] dao Quan H., Yang H., Tamura M., Sekiya A., (2004), SbF5/PAF-a novel fluorinating reagent in preparing fluorine compounds. J. Fluorine Chem. 125: 1169-1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.03.009
[16] Sekiya A., dao Quan H., Tamura M., Gao R. X., Murata J., (2001), Sol-Gel Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of PVC/NiAl2O3/AlF3 nanocomposite. J. Fluorine Chem. 112: 145-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00483-3
[17] dao Quan H., Tamura M., Takagi T., Sekiya A., (1999), Fluorination of n-dodecane adsorbed on porous aluminium fluoride by gaseous fluorine. J. Fluorine Chem. 99: 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00134-7
[18] Krespan C. G., Dixon D. A., (1996), Fluoroolefin condensation catalyzed by aluminum chlorofluoride. J. Fluorine Chem. 77: 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1139(96)03388-X
[19] Sadjadi M. A. S., Sadeghi B., Meskinfam M., Zare K., Azizian J., (2008), Synthesis and characterization of Ag/PVA nanorods by chemical reduction method. Phys. E: Low-dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 40: 3183-3186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2008.05.010
[20] Sadeghi B., Sadjadi M. A. S., Vahdati R. A. R., (2009), Nanoplates controlled synthesis and catalytic activities of silver nanocrystals. Superlatt. Microst. 46: 858-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2009.10.006
[21] Sadeghi B., Jamali M., Kia Sh., Amini Nia A., Ghafari S., (2010), Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 1: 119-124.
[22] Sadeghi B., Garmaroudi S. F., Hashemi M., Nezhad H. R., Nasrollahi A., Ardalan Si., Ardalan Sa., (2012), Comparison of the anti-bacterial activity on the nanosilver shapes: nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoplates. Adv. Powder Technol. 23: 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.11.011
[23] Sadeghi B., Pourahmad A., (2012), Synthesis of silver/poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) hybride nanocomposite. Adv. Powder Technol. 22: 669-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.10.001
[24] Sadeghi B., Ghammamy Sh., Gholipour Z., Ghorchibeigy M., Amini Nia A., (2011), Gold/hydroxypropyl cellulose hybrid nanocomposite constructed with more complete coverage of gold nano-shell. Mic & Nano Lett. 6: 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2011.0036
[25] Sadeghi B., (2014), Preparation of ZnO/Ag nanocomposite and coating on polymers for anti-infection biomaterial application. Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Molec. Biomolec. Spectros. 118: 787-792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.022
[26] Sadeghi B., (2018), Controlled growth and characterization Ag/ZnO nanotetrapods for humidity sensing. Comb. Chem. High throughput Screen. 21: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180717120417
[27] Sadeghi B., Meskinfam M. A., (2012), A direct comparison of nanosilver particles and nanosilver plates for the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Molec. Biomolec. Spectros. 97: 326-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.082
[28] Liu Ch., Li J., Liew K., Zhu J., Bin Nordin M. R., (2012), An environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of nano-alumina with controllable morphologies. J. RSC Adv. 2: 8352-8358. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20674a
[29] Wuy Y. S., Ma J., Hu F., Li M. C., (2012), Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous Alumina via a reverse precipitation method. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28: 572-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-0302(12)60100-5
[30] Sun X., Li J., Zhang F., Qin X., Xiu Zh., Ru H., (2003), Synthesis of nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 powders from nanometric ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86: 1321-1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03469.x
[31] Xiuhong M., Linhai D., Xiaohua X., Qiang W., Haiyan W., (2014), Synthesis of macro mesostructured γ-Al2O3 with large pore volume and high surface area by a facile secondary reforming method. J. China Petrol. Process. Petrochem. Technol. 16: 20-28.
[32] Zhu Zh., Sun H., Liu H., Yang D., (2010), PEG-direct hydrothermal synthesis of alumina nanorods with mesoporous structure via AACH nanorod precursors. J. Mater. Sci. 45: 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3886-9
[33] Ramavathu L. N., Tumma B. N., Justin P., (2023), Photocatalytic degradation studies of malachite green dye by hydrothermally synthesized Cobalt Vanadate nanoparticles. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 14: 145-156.
[34] Hossienzadeh Gh., (2023), Innovative fabrication of CeO2 nanoparticles/WO3 nanoplates S-Scheme heterojunction for visible light photocatalytic degradation of nitenpyram insecticide. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 14: 50-59.
[35] Jiang R., Yao J., Zhu H., Fu Y., Guan Y., Xiao L., Zeng G., (2014), Effective decolorization of congo red in aqueous solution by adsorption and photocatalysis using novel magnetic alginate/γ-Fe2O3/CdS nanocomposite. Desali. Water Treat. 52: 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.787551
[36] Jiang R., Zhu H., Fu Y., Jiang S., Zong E., Yao J., (2019), Photocatalytic decolorization of Congo red wastewater by magnetic ZnFe2O4/Graphene nanosheets composite under simulated solar light irradiation. Sci. Eng. 42: 174-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2019.1635432
[37] Hadi Fakhri F., Majeed Ahmed L., (2019), Incorporation CdS with ZnS as nanocomposite and using in photo-decolorization of Congo red dye. Indones. J. Chem. 19: 936-943. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.38335